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With the advancement of the commodity economy and the increasing demand for printed materials, paper consumption has grown rapidly, leading to a significant diversification in paper types. The primary raw materials used in paper manufacturing include wood pulp, fillers, colorants, sizing agents, and other additives.
Key Properties and Characteristics of Printing Paper
1. Paper exhibits high malleability and softness, making it easy to cut, fold, and adhere. It is compatible with various processing techniques and performs well on printing equipment, supporting continuous, high-speed production with high efficiency.
2. Lightweight and uniform in dimensions, paper facilitates convenient transportation and handling, contributing to reduced logistics costs. Its excellent folding capability also allows for efficient storage.
3. Paper is cost-effective; whether measured by unit area or volume, it remains more economical than most alternative materials, meeting diverse printing requirements at low cost.
4. Paper is recyclable, reusable, and biodegradable, supporting environmental sustainability by reducing waste and conserving natural resources.
5. It can be easily sterilized and meets hygiene standards, making it suitable for food packaging applications.
Common Types of Printing Paper and Their Uses
1. Newsprint: Characterized by a soft texture and high ink absorbency, newsprint has a relatively low surface smoothness, resulting in lower print quality. It typically supports a screen ruling of approximately 100 Lpi and is primarily used for newspapers, books, and periodicals.
2. Kraft Paper: Known for its flexibility, strength, elasticity, and resistance to bursting and folding fatigue, kraft paper also offers good water resistance. Print quality is comparable to that of newsprint. It is widely used in product packaging, corrugated boxes, and paper bag manufacturing.
3. Offset Paper: Available in single-sided and double-sided varieties, offset paper features dense and uniform fibers, high whiteness, a high degree of sizing, minimal dusting, low elongation, and strong tensile and folding endurance. It is ideal for multi-color offset printing and commonly used for brochures, labels, books, magazines, illustrations, and packaging. Typical screen rulings range from 120 Lpi to 175 Lpi.
4. Parchment Paper (Sulfate Paper): Also known as vegetable parchment or sulfate paper, this type has a compact, firm, and elastic structure with excellent resistance to water, air, and oil. It is frequently used for long-term packaging of oils, tea, pharmaceuticals, and in hardcover bookbinding.
5. White Board Paper: Available in single- and double-sided variants (with gray or white backs), white board paper has a thickness exceeding 10 millimeters. Its surface is usually coated, offering smoothness, whiteness, crisp foldability, and superior print performance. It is mainly used for high-quality packaging boxes, with screen rulings typically ranging from 175 Lpi to 300 Lpi.
6. Coated Paper: Offered in both single- and double-sided forms, coated paper features an inorganic coating layer applied to its surface and undergoes super-calendering to enhance smoothness. With a bright, smooth, and highly reflective surface, it delivers excellent print reproduction and is preferred for premium printed materials such as posters, albums, packaging, and direct mail flyers. Screen rulings generally range from 175 Lpi to 300 Lpi.
Forms of Printing Paper
The selection of paper format is determined by the design and operational principles of printing machinery. Modern printing presses are broadly categorized into flatbed and rotary types, which correspond to two main paper formats:
1. Sheet-fed Paper: Cut into standardized sheets, this format is designed for sheet-fed printing presses, including offset and letterpress machines.
2. Roll Paper (Web Paper): Supplied in rolls of standard width but unlimited length, roll paper is primarily used in rotary printing presses, such as gravure and newspaper printing machines.
Basis Weight and Thickness of Printing Paper
Printing paper is commonly specified not by physical dimensions but by basis weight-the mass per square meter-commonly referred to as "grammage" (e.g., 250 gsm white board paper or 210 gsm coated paper). Different grammages directly influence paper thickness, with heavier papers generally perceived as higher in quality.
Assessing paper weight often relies on tactile evaluation, though accurate judgment requires experience. Professionals in the printing industry, particularly sales personnel, develop this skill through regular handling. For graphic designers, acquiring proficiency in identifying paper thickness is essential for effective client communication, cost estimation, and optimal design execution.
