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Ink directly determines the tone, color, and clarity of images on printed materials, thus playing a crucial role in the printing process. With advancements in technology, the variety of inks has expanded significantly. The following classification is organized according to printing methods for reference and learning purposes.
1. **Lithographic Printing Ink**
Lithographic printing ink (commonly referred to as litho ink) is a thick and viscous ink, with most varieties being oxidizing conjunctival drying inks that exhibit excellent water resistance. It can be further categorized into sheet-fed ink and web-fed ink. Sheet-fed ink is predominantly quick-drying oxidizing conjunctival ink, while web-fed ink primarily relies on drying mechanisms. Additionally, it includes offset bright resin ink, offset rotary ink, and others.
2. **Letterpress Printing Ink**
Letterpress printing ink (commonly referred to as letterpress ink) is a viscous ink with varying levels of viscosity depending on the printing speed of the press. Its drying mechanisms include drying, oxidizing conjunctival drying, volatilization drying, or a combination of these methods. Examples of letterpress inks include rotary black ink, book black ink, and color letterpress ink.
3. **Gravure Printing Ink**
Gravure printing ink (commonly referred to as gravure ink) can be divided into two categories: photogravure ink and engraving gravure ink. Photogravure ink is a very thin fluid with low viscosity and relies entirely on solvent volatilization for drying, making it suitable for non-absorbent substrates. Engraving gravure ink, on the other hand, exhibits higher viscosity, greater yield value, lacks greasy properties, and primarily depends on oxidizing conjunctival drying mechanisms.
4. **Screen Printing Ink**
Screen printing inks require good fluidity, low viscosity, rapid passage through mesh screens, and swift penetration and drying upon transfer to absorbent substrates. They also demonstrate strong adhesion on non-absorbent substrates. Drying methods include volatilization drying, oxidation polymerization drying, drying, two-component reaction drying, ultraviolet drying, and others. Screen printing inks can be further classified into stencil printing ink, screen printing ink, and related variants.
5. **Specialty Printing Ink**
Specialty inks often require thicker formulations to achieve optimal performance. These include foaming ink, magnetic ink, fluorescent ink, conductive ink, and others. Such inks should possess characteristics such as no volatile solvents, no odor, no clogging, fast curing speed, strong water resistance, and vibrant colors.
The formulation process of printing inks is complex, with physical properties varying widely. Some inks are highly viscous, while others are quite thin. The choice of ink depends on the printing method, plate material, and substrate. Prior to printing, it is advisable to gain a deeper understanding of the printing industry to produce high-quality printed materials.
