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1. **Bleed**: In the printing and binding process, the background color or images on the page must extend 3mm beyond the cutting line. This is referred to as "bleed."
2. **Flying Edge**: A term in binding that refers to the area where the bleed is removed during trimming.
3. **Cutting Skew**: Refers to deformation during cutting, where right angles become sharp corners. This is typically caused by uneven pressure from the paper gate or misalignment of the paper grid.
4. **Polishing**: A surface treatment process where the printed sheet is processed with a polishing roller to achieve a smooth finish.
5. **Reverse Folding**: A folding method used in Japanese bookbinding machines. Specifically, the fourth fold in the 32nd folding method requires reverse folding.
6. **Genuine Page**: In bookbinding terminology, the page containing the first number of a book is called the "genuine page," while the page with the second number is called the "reverse page." Together, they form a set, post, or frame.
7. **Paper Gate**: A machine for cutting paper, not a door for closing paper.
8. **Saddle Stitching**: A bookbinding method where thin books (less than 6 signatures) are placed across an iron frame and secured with wire staples.
9. **Pig Sausage Roll**: A folding technique for booklets where the movement resembles rolling sausage powder. Using 3 upper and 2 lower spindles, it can fold 32 sheets.
10. **Organ Folding**: A folding technique for booklets where the folded result resembles a screen when unfolded.
11. **Reverse Cover**: A hand-binding technique where glue is applied to the bottom edge and spine cover edge before performing the "reversing" action to secure the cover.
12. **Tapered Cloth**: A piece of cloth connecting the upper and lower parts of the spine of a hardcover book to the cover, enhancing both durability and aesthetics.
13. **Hot Stamping**: A processing technique for hardcover covers, such as gilding, performed under relatively high humidity conditions.
14. **Exposed White**: During printing or plate-making, connected colors may not fit tightly, revealing the base color of the white paper.
15. **Whitewashing**: A photoengraving process in screen printing where insufficient light exposure in dark areas is compensated by re-exposing the original file or adding supplementary exposure.
16. **Overexposure**: Adding a transparent thick film to the photosensitive film during manual plate-making to increase exposure weight.
17. **Patch White (Colortrapping)**: Intentionally expanding the junction of colors during separate plate-making to reduce misregistration effects.
18. **Solid Area**: Refers to areas of color blocks without dots, often covering an entire page.
19. **Reverse White**: When text or lines are printed with a negative texture, exposing the white of the paper.
20. **Hitting the Net**: In amplitude modulation net color separation, if the angle distribution of dots is incorrect or the distance between each net angle is less than 25°, a tortoise-like pattern becomes visible.
21. **Flying Mesh**: A mesh hanging process in lens plate making where normal exposure is followed by short exposure to increase contrast.
22. **Dog Teeth**: Refers to jagged edges in images caused by insufficient pixel resolution when enlarged.
23. **Rose Dot**: A dot pattern resembling deer tracks; inferior versions are called mat patterns, and even worse ones are turtle patterns.
24. **Qi Tou**: An instruction for layout arrangement where the first character serves as the reference line. Extended to layout and binding, it refers to taking the position of the plate header as the reference.
25. **Loose Tail**: A text layout style focusing on uniform character spacing without aligning characters at the end of lines.
26. **Meng Pian**: A masking film used during manual color separation for ground removal or color correction.
27. **Blue Version**: Refers to the CMYK cyan version, not the RGB blue version.
28. **High-Key**: Bright image areas receiving more light, often snow-white. The Japanese color separation style prefers no dots in highlight areas to enhance image layers.
29. **Low-Key**: Dark images, also referred to as dark tones.
30. **Crash**: Computer malfunction caused by insufficient memory or disk space.
31. **Pound**: A unit of measurement for font layout, where 1 inch equals 72 pounds.
32. **Grade**: Refers to text size in optical typesetting, where 4 grades equal 1 mm.
33. **The Number**: Refers to character sizes in lead printing, ranging from 5 pounds (smallest) to 72 pounds (largest).
34. **Flat Style**: A lens transformation technique making square shapes appear flat, measured in percentages (e.g., flat 1 = 10%).
35. **Long Body**: Refers to narrow body shapes, such as "long 1" meaning "narrow 1."
36. **Spray Pen**: A color spray pen using compressed air for gradient effects before the DTP era.
37. **Byte**: A computer language unit, where 8 bits equal one byte.
38. **Ghost Shadow**: Unwanted marks or shadows caused by uneven ink supply in older printing presses.
39. **Overprint (Inktrapping)**: The ratio of overprint layers in different prints.
40. **Self-Reflection**: A printing method saving plates by flipping the paper left-right and bottom-side after printing one side.
41. **Ink Splashing**: High-speed rotation of the printing machine causes ink to splash due to insufficient ink viscosity.
42. **Ink Line**: A standard line drawn on the printing plate to ensure precise alignment on the paper.
43. **Floating Stains**: Caused by insufficient hydrophilicity of the printing plate, resulting in hydrophobicity and oil stains. Often related to incorrect water pH levels.
44. **Qi Pao**: The action of the rubber roller leaving the impression roller.
45. **Clamping Gun**: Excessive paper stuck between the impression cylinder and rubber cylinder triggers the safety sensor to stop the printing machine.
46. **Needle Position**: Refers to the edge position of the baffle on the printed sheet for aligning color registration and cutting.
47. **Continuous Exposure**: A film-saving technique using registration crosses to move exposures continuously.
48. **Over-Bottom**: Refers to excessive ink thickness preventing timely drying, contaminating the back of the paper.
49. **Head of the Vehicle**: Refers to printing speed, not the machine head.
50. **Stone Number**: A lithographic-era term referring to the quantity of printed materials, measured by embossing weight.
51. **Second-Hand**: Refers to the deputy operator of the printing press.
52. **Proofing**: Pre-printing a sample through a proofing machine for formal printing.
53. **Feida**: A conveying device feeding paper to printing machines, not a courier service.