Songhong Paper
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Types of Printing
1. **Lithography (Offset Printing)**
Lithography, also known as offset printing, operates on the principle that water and oil do not mix. In this process, the printing areas are coated with grease, while the non-printing areas absorb moisture. When ink is applied to the page, the printing areas repel water and absorb ink. Subsequently, the inked image is transferred onto paper under pressure. This technique is widely utilized in modern four-color printing due to its high precision and versatility.
2. **Intaglio Printing**
Intaglio printing involves engraving the desired image into the surface of a plate, allowing ink to fill the recessed areas. The ink is then transferred onto paper or other materials. This method is particularly suitable for photographic printing because it can produce fine gradations of tone. Additionally, the ink dries rapidly after application, making it ideal for large-scale color magazine production.
3. **Letterpress Printing**
Letterpress printing entails engraving text and images onto plates made of wood, stone, copper, or rubber. Non-graphic areas are removed to highlight the text, which is subsequently inked and printed. As the plate comes into direct contact with the paper, it leaves distinctive impressions or thicker ink edges, creating a strong stylistic impact. This technique is commonly employed for printing on textured paper, such as comic magazines.
4. **Screen Printing**
Screen printing has gained popularity in graphic design applications in recent years. This process involves using a squeegee to force ink through the mesh onto the substrate, transferring the image only through the stencil openings. Its unique spot color inks and vibrant, retro textures have made it a favorite among designers and artists alike.
5. **Digital Direct Printing**
Digital direct printing refers to the process of directly converting a computer document into a final print, typically achieved through laser or inkjet printers. This method offers convenience, speed, and high-quality output.
6. **Additional Printing Processes**
Beyond selecting appropriate paper types and printing methods, special effects can be added to enhance visual and tactile experiences. These processes include embossing, die-cutting, special coatings, and relief effects.
Processes of Printing
- **Hot Stamping**: This technique involves pressing metallic foils, such as gold or silver, onto text or graphics, producing a metallic sheen.
- **Die-Cutting (Hollowing)**: A modern laser cutting method used to create hollow shapes, adding three-dimensional creative effects.
- **Special Coatings**: Applying UV varnishes, gloss oils, or other specialized materials to achieve specific visual and tactile outcomes.
- **Embossing/Relief Effects**: Creating raised patterns or text on paper, often referred to as "embossing" or "three-dimensional drum." This technique is frequently used in packaging design to emphasize detail and texture.
The integration of these processes, combined with variations in printing materials and methods, enables the development of diverse designs and unique artistic effects in paper media.
