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Domestic waste paper in China falls into two principal categories:
1. Domestic Waste Paper: Includes old corrugated containers (OCC), old newspapers (ONP), old magazines (OMG), book paper, printing trimmings, cement sacks, mixed waste paper, and miscellaneous grades. No unified national quality standard currently exists; development is underway.
2. Imported Waste Paper: Primarily sourced from the United States, European Union, and Japan; minor volumes of Hong Kong-sourced material are utilized by select southern coastal mills.
International classification systems vary by regulatory philosophy and recycling infrastructure:
• FAO (United Nations): Groups recovered fiber into four broad categories-news and book paper, corrugated boxboard, high-grade deinked fiber, and residual grades.
• Japan: Defines nine standardized grades, including premium white board, specialty manila, colored diary stock, security paper, kraft, newspaper, magazine, corrugated medium, and hardboard.
• United Kingdom: Specifies eleven grades based on fiber origin, mechanical pulp content, and contamination level-e.g., unprinted white without mechanical pulp, printed white with mechanical pulp, heavy-printed colored stock, container board, and mixed impure grades.
• Germany: Classifies by fiber quality and strength potential-low-, medium-, high-, and strong-grade waste paper-with strong-grade comprising sulfate pulp derivatives, waterproof/non-waterproof kraft bags, and OCC.
• United States: Adopts a functional taxonomy-pulp substitutes (e.g., virgin cuttings, requiring no deinking), purifiable grades (deinkable), and ordinary grades (e.g., ONP, OCC, mixed paper). A granular supplementary system defines 47 specific types and seven special grades, codified in the official "Recovered Fiber Grade Standards."
