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The classification of security paper is based on industry-standard characteristics and functional properties inherent to the material. Its primary applications include preventing forgery, imitation, and unauthorized alteration of documents.
The effectiveness of security paper in anti-counterfeiting protection depends on five key factors:
1. Exclusivity of anti-counterfeiting technology: A technology is considered exclusive if it has been granted intellectual property protection, including patents, utility models, or design rights.
2. Non-replicability using existing technologies: The technology should not be easily duplicated with currently available methods.
3. High cost of replication equipment or techniques: Counterfeiters must face significant financial barriers to reproduce the technology.
4. Complexity of the manufacturing process: This includes the breadth of technological integration (e.g., multiple layers or types of security features) and the overall robustness of the anti-counterfeiting system.
5. Technical expertise required for replication: The level of specialized knowledge, training, and availability of skilled personnel needed by counterfeiters, both domestically and internationally, serves as a deterrent.
Categories of Security Paper
1. Colored Fiber Paper
Short colored fibers (e.g., red, green, blue) are embedded within light-colored paper, distributed either randomly or in specific patterns across the sheet.
2. Fluorescent Fiber Paper (Colored or Colorless)
Fibers that are invisible under normal lighting conditions are embedded in the paper matrix and exhibit fluorescence (e.g., red, green, blue) when exposed to ultraviolet light.
3. Watermark Paper
During papermaking, a pre-designed watermark mold is installed on the wire screen or formed via a dandy roll. Variations in pulp thickness due to differing relief heights result in density differences. Under transmitted light, these variations produce visible images. Watermarks are tactile and often feature embossed textures.
4. Security Thread Paper
Paper contains embedded windowed security threads made of materials such as metallic foil, ribbons, or magnetic tapes, which may be partially exposed or fully embedded. Microtext security threads feature microscopic text in raised or recessed patterns along the thread.
5. Optical Film or Holographic Grating-Embedded Paper
Small segments of optical films or reflective holographic gratings are embedded into the paper substrate. The visual effects, including color shifts and dynamic imagery, are determined by film structure design or holographic recording techniques.
6. Fragile Paper (Tamper-Evident Paper)
Coated with a special adhesive, this paper fractures immediately upon attempted removal after application, ensuring single-use integrity and providing clear evidence of tampering.
7. Ultra-Thin Low-Strength Paper
This extremely thin and mechanically weak paper features a surface layer in various colors, designed to prevent erasure or modification of printed numbers or signatures without damaging the document.
8. Copy-Evident (Anti-Copy) Paper
Must incorporate one or more of the following anti-counterfeiting mechanisms:
- Incorporates security features present only on the original, which do not appear in copies, enabling differentiation between original and duplicate when the authentic characteristics are known.
- Contains covert marks (e.g., hidden text or images) that become visible upon photocopying, allowing immediate visual identification of copies without prior knowledge of the original's features.
- Features an anti-copy coating (e.g., absorbent layer, thin aluminum layer) that remains compatible with printing processes but causes copies to appear entirely black when scanned or photocopied.
9. Single-Use Carbon Transfer Paper
Composed of white base paper coated on one side with a non-toxic, dry color-transfer material. Enables simultaneous production of multiple positive/negative copies through handwriting or printer impact, without requiring additional carbon paper. Prevents fraudulent practices such as counterfeiting valid tickets or issuing fake documents with genuine authorization codes.
10. Holographic Security Paper
a) Non-Transfer Holographic Paper:
A special coating is applied directly onto aluminum-coated paper, or onto plain paper prior to metallization, allowing direct embossing of holographic patterns containing anti-counterfeiting information. Additional coatings may include high-refractive-index nano aqueous adhesives or protective layers.
b) Transfer-Type Holographic Paper:
Embossed holographic patterns on a metallized plastic film are transferred onto paper through a hot-stamping process. After transfer, the plastic carrier film is peeled away, leaving behind the holographic metal layer bonded to the paper.
11. Paper for Securities and Certificates
Specifically engineered for high-value documents such as banknotes, bonds, passports, and official certificates, incorporating multiple advanced security features.
12. Other Specialized Security Papers
Includes emerging or customized security paper solutions tailored for specific applications requiring enhanced protection against counterfeiting.
